New Research at Tel Aviv University Reveals Breakthrough in Autism Mechanisms

A team of researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) has made a significant advancement in understanding the biological mechanisms behind genetic autism. The study, published in Science Advances, sheds light on the role of mutations in the SHANK3 gene, which is known to disrupt brain development and contribute to autism spectrum disorders.

Led by Prof. Boaz Barak and PhD student Inbar Fischer from TAU’s Sagol School of Neuroscience, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Haifa and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at TAU, the team focused on how mutations in SHANK3 impact brain function beyond neurons, exploring the role of oligodendrocytes—non-neuronal cells crucial for myelin production.

Through genetically engineered mouse models, the researchers discovered that SHANK3 mutations impair the development and function of both neurons and oligodendrocytes, leading to faulty myelin production. This disruption affects electrical signal transmission in the brain, which can impact behavior. Their work provides new insights into the genetic underpinnings of autism and opens up potential pathways for future treatments.

The study not only advances our understanding of autism’s biological basis but also presents the possibility of developing gene therapies aimed at restoring proper brain function. The research emphasizes the importance of myelin in autism, which could lead to new treatment options, even for individuals with autism linked to different genetic factors.

This research could pave the way for future therapies aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals affected by genetic forms of autism.