Iran Faces Crisis Amid Freezing Temperatures, Gas Shortage, and Controversial Hijab Law Delay

Iran is grappling with severe winter conditions, including freezing temperatures of up to -20°C (-4°F), causing widespread disruptions and forcing the closure of government offices. Due to a severe gas shortage, school classes have been moved online as the country struggles to meet increasing energy demand during the cold season. Despite holding the world’s second-largest proven gas reserves, Iran’s aging infrastructure has been unable to cope with the rising need for heating in the winter months. To conserve energy, President Masud Pezeshkian has called on citizens to lower their thermostats by 2°C, and other government officials have echoed similar appeals.

In addition to the energy crisis, Iran is facing growing domestic tensions over the implementation of the "Law on Protecting the Family through the Promotion of the Culture of Chastity and Hijab." Originally set to take effect on December 13, the law has been postponed, following intense criticism. The controversial bill, passed by the Iranian parliament earlier this month, mandates that all women and girls aged 12 and older wear a hijab in public and in online spaces. It also includes provisions for strict surveillance and harsh punishments, including fines, prison sentences, and even the death penalty for violations.

Despite opposition from President Pezeshkian, who could not block the law from passing, the bill has faced strong condemnation from human rights groups. Experts appointed by the UN Human Rights Council have labeled it an intensification of state control over women’s bodies and a violation of fundamental human rights. Critics argue the law infringes on women’s rights to equality, bodily autonomy, and freedom of expression.

The law’s implementation is seen as a challenge by many in Iran, particularly among the youth and women, who have become central to the ongoing protests and movements calling for greater freedoms and reforms in the country. As tensions rise over the hijab law, Iran continues to navigate a complex political landscape marked by economic challenges and mounting domestic unrest.